"I feel at home everywhere in this great Republic, with Freedom's soil beneath my feet and Freedom's Banner, the Stars and Stripes, floating over me." In a letter to the Carbondale Advance, Sergeant Peter Vankirk described the aftermath of the Battle of Ball’s Bluff in October 1861 and explained why he had joined the Union army to put down the rebellion. Read the full letter.
"It was a fine spectacle, especially at night, when all the vessels were lighted up, giving the Roads the appearance of an American Venice." In October 1861, the Schuylkill Regiment - the 48th Pennsylvania - watched a vast US fleet leave Hampton Roads in Virginia, bound for Port Royal Sound in South Carolina. A letter writer described the largest fleet yet assembled in American history. Read the full letter.
"I am going to fight not for money, but for my country..." Pottsville, PA native William H. Werner traveled to California as a teenager in the 1850s in search of riches. He was there when the Civil War broke out. In a letter to his father in Schuylkill County, he detailed why he left a good job to fight for the Union. Read the full letter.
"I picked up some old letters, bills of negro sales, &c., that were lying around, which are quite indicative of southern character..." A correspondent of the Luzerne Union of Wilkes-Barre, PA wrote about encountering formerly enslaved people at the Virginia home of a woman arrested for assisting Confederate soldiers. Read the full letter.
"It is truly wonderful that we had no lives lost in our company," wrote Sergeant James Silliman of Pottsville, PA in October 1861. His unit, Company A, 28th Pennsylvania, had fought hard with Confederate soldiers near Harpers Ferry, Virginia on October 16, 1861. Read his letter.
In a letter written in October 1861, Captain Oliver Bosbyshell of Pottsville, PA described the arrival of the 48th Pennsylvania at Fort Monroe in Virginia. Bosbyshell described the camp, the regiment's drill, and the events happening around the important Union base on the Cheseapeake Bay. Read the full letter.
"Now commenced the really grand spectacle." In a letter to a friend in Wilkes-Barre, PA, Sgt. Louis Roth described the Battle of Hatteras Inlet on North Carolina's Outer Banks in August 1861. He described the fighting, the Union victory, and the terrible conditions as follows. Roth also writes a great passage about his regiment's consumption of lager beer, a favorite among the German regiments. Read the full letter.
The 48th Pennsylvania fills its ranks at Camp Curtin — and loses its first man before leaving Harrisburg In early September 1861, Coal Region regiments were pouring into Camp Curtin for three years' service. Before Colonel Nagle's 48th Pennsylvania even left for the front, a train at the Harrisburg depot killed Private William Millet — the regiment's first casualty, and he never saw a battlefield. Read the letter.
A father visits his son at war - and ends up behind Union lines in Virginia Peter Byrne came to Washington to check on his son, a lieutenant in the 1st Pennsylvania Light Artillery. He left having crossed into Virginia in a borrowed uniform, stood behind an artillery battery in the pouring rain, and talked his way back across the Chain Bridge using a pass that called him "Colonel." Read the full letter.
A soldier kneels at his young wife's grave - then marches back to war. Luther Dodson's wife Sarah died of tuberculosis at 25, less than a year after their wedding. He came home on leave that August, visited her grave at dusk, and wrote about it in a letter that stands as some of the most moving passages in this entire series. Then he went back to the front. Read the letter.