Exploring the history of smallpox vaccination and opposition in Pennsylvania

In 1855 Pottsville, a smallpox scare sparked a fight over school policy, public safety, and personal freedom that feels strikingly familiar. This new piece for Real Clear Pennsylvania follows those early vaccination battles—and why their echoes are so loud in our own time. Read the full story.

Photographs show makeshift emergency hospital in Lykens, Pennsylvania during pandemic | 1918

Uncover rare photographs of a schoolyard turned into a makeshift hospital during the devastating 1918 flu pandemic in Lykens, Pennsylvania. With hundreds falling ill daily, US Army medical teams were called in. Dive into this horrific chapter of American history and see these remarkable images from the pivotal moment.

“The old story” – A short editorial on opposition to vaccines and its consequences… from Pottsville in 1903

Amid a smallpox epidemic in Schuylkill County, a newspaper editor threw up their hands at those who refused to be vaccinated, despite very real danger.

A story from 1918 reveals chaos as “Spanish flu” raged through Schuylkill County

In early October 1918, pandemic influenza descended on Schuylkill County and left thousands dead.